卵巢癌

定义

卵巢癌 is when 癌症 cells start and grow in the ovaries. The ovaries make eggs for reproduction and female hormones.

Cancerous Mass in the Left Ovary

Copyright © 2002 Nucleus Communications, Inc. 版权所有.

原因

Cancer happens when cells divide without control or order. These cells grow together to form a tumor. They can invade and damage nearby tissues. They can also spread to other parts of the body.

It is not clear what causes changes in the cells. 很有可能 due to genes and the environment.

风险因素

卵巢癌 is most common in females 50 years of age and 老. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Early first menstrual period and/or late 更年期
• A family history of ovarian 癌症—especially in a mother or sister
• BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutations
• Not delivering a child or breastfeeding
• 没有结扎输卵管
• Certain health problems, such as:
  • 子宫内膜异位
  • 多囊卵巢综合征
  • 肥胖
• 的历史 乳腺癌 or 子宫癌

症状

A person may not have symptoms until ovarian 癌症 is advanced. 问题可能是:

• 腹部疼痛
• 气体, 消化不良、腹胀或抽筋
• Diarrhea or problems passing stool (poop)
• 缺乏饥饿
• Losing or gaining weight without trying
• Abnormal bleeding from the vagina
• 感觉累了
• 呼吸的问题

诊断

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. 一个物理 还要做盆腔检查.

Blood tests will be done to look for signs that point to a tumor.

Pictures will be done to look for tumors and the spreading of 癌症. 它们包括:

• 超声波 盆腔器官
• CT扫描
• 核磁共振成像扫描
• 低GI系列

The exam and test results are also used for 暂存 to find out 癌症扩散了多少.

治疗

The goal is to remove the 癌症. 治疗取决于类型 和癌症的阶段. More than one treatment may be needed. 选项有:

• Surgery—to remove 癌症, and often the nearby tissues, such as:
  • 子宫和输卵管
  • 淋巴结
• 化疗-杀死癌细胞

Radiation therapy may be used to treat areas where the 癌症 has spread.

预防

The risk of this problem may be lowered by:

• Eating a low fat, high fiber diet with lots of vegetables
• Surgery to remove the ovaries and fallopian tubes—in females with a genetic or family history of ovarian 癌症
• 服用避孕药
• 母乳喂养

参考文献

• General information about ovarian epithelial, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal 癌症. National Cancer Institute website. 可以在: http://www.癌症.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treatment-pdq.
• 卵巢癌. American Cancer Society website. 可用 在:http://www.癌症.org/癌症/ovarian-癌症.html.
• 卵巢癌. EBSCO DynaMed网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/condition/ovarian-癌症.
• 东奔西走WP. 卵巢癌 in the 老 woman. J .老年医学. 2016;7(5):354-61.